Nvidia's DLSS, or Deep Learning Super Sampling, has revolutionized PC gaming since its introduction in 2019. This technology significantly boosts performance and enhances the longevity of Nvidia's RTX graphics cards, provided you're playing one of the many games that support it. Over the years, DLSS has evolved through various updates, improving its functionality and differentiating features across Nvidia's RTX generations. In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore what DLSS is, how it works, the differences between its versions, and why it's crucial for gamers, even if you're not currently using an Nvidia GPU.
*Additional contributions by Matthew S. Smith.*
What Is DLSS?
Nvidia DLSS, or Deep Learning Super Sampling, is a proprietary technology designed to enhance both performance and image quality in games. The term "Super Sampling" refers to its ability to upscale games to higher resolutions using a neural network trained on extensive gameplay data. This allows for higher resolutions with minimal performance impact compared to manually setting a higher resolution in-game.
Beyond its initial upscaling capabilities, DLSS now includes several systems that improve image quality even without upscaling. These include DLSS Ray Reconstruction, which uses AI to enhance lighting and shadows; DLSS Frame Generation and Multi Frame Generation, which insert AI-generated frames to boost FPS; and DLAA (Deep Learning Anti-Aliasing), which applies AI-enhanced anti-aliasing for superior graphics at native resolution.
Super Resolution, the most recognized feature of DLSS, is particularly beneficial when combined with ray tracing. In supported games, you can enable DLSS through various modes such as Ultra Performance, Performance, Balanced, and Quality. For instance, in Cyberpunk 2077, selecting 4K resolution with DLSS Quality mode means the game renders at 1440p, which DLSS then upscales to 4K, resulting in a significantly higher frame rate than native 4K rendering.
DLSS's neural rendering differs from older techniques like checkerboard rendering, as it can add details not visible at native resolution and preserve details lost in other upscaling methods. However, it may introduce artifacts like "bubbling" shadows or flickering lines, though these have been significantly reduced with DLSS 4.
The Generational Leap: DLSS 3 to DLSS 4
With the RTX 50-series, Nvidia introduced DLSS 4, which utilizes a new AI model called a Transformer Neural Network (TNN). This model, a significant upgrade from the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) used in DLSS 3 and 3.5, can analyze twice as many parameters, leading to a deeper understanding of each scene and improved results across all DLSS features.
DLSS 4 enhances Super Sampling and Ray Reconstruction, retaining more fine details for sharper gameplay. It also significantly improves frame generation, with DLSS Multi Frame Generation capable of generating four artificial frames for each rendered frame, potentially quadrupling frame rates. To mitigate concerns about input lag, Nvidia integrates Reflex 2.0, which reduces latency to maintain responsiveness.
While DLSS 4 offers impressive advancements, it's not without flaws. AI-generated frames can sometimes cause minor ghosting behind moving objects, particularly at higher frame generation settings. Nvidia allows users to adjust frame generation to match their monitor's refresh rate, preventing issues like screen tearing and visual artifacts.
Even without an RTX 50-series GPU, you can benefit from the new TNN model for Super Resolution and Ray Reconstruction using the Nvidia App, which also enables DLSS Ultra Performance mode and DLAA for games that don't natively support these options.
Why Does DLSS Matter for Gaming?
DLSS is a game-changer for PC gaming, especially for those with mid-range or lower-performance Nvidia GPUs. It allows access to higher graphics settings and resolutions, extending the life of your GPU. As graphics card prices continue to rise, DLSS helps maintain playable frame rates by adjusting settings or performance modes, making it a valuable feature for budget-conscious gamers.
DLSS has also spurred competition, with AMD and Intel introducing their own upscaling technologies, FidelityFX Super Resolution (FSR) and Xe Super Sampling (XeSS), respectively. While Nvidia's DLSS leads in image quality and frame generation capabilities, the competition has lowered the price-to-performance barrier in many gaming scenarios.
Nvidia DLSS vs. AMD FSR vs. Intel XeSS
Nvidia's DLSS faces competition from AMD's FidelityFX Super Resolution (FSR) and Intel's Xe Super Sampling (XeSS). DLSS 4's superior image quality and multi-frame generation capabilities give it an edge over its rivals. While AMD and Intel offer similar upscaling and frame generation features, Nvidia's machine learning technology generally provides crisper, more consistent images with fewer artifacts.
It's worth noting that DLSS is exclusive to Nvidia GPUs and requires game developer implementation, unlike AMD's FSR. Although the number of DLSS-supported games has grown significantly, not all games support it, and there's no default way to enable it across all titles.
Conclusion
Nvidia DLSS has transformed the gaming industry and continues to evolve. It's a testament to Nvidia's commitment to enhancing gaming experiences and extending GPU longevity. While not perfect, DLSS can significantly impact your gameplay at its best.
However, DLSS is no longer the only player in the field, with AMD and Intel offering competitive alternatives. When choosing a GPU, it's essential to consider the cost, features, and the games you play to determine the best value for your needs.
